U.S. Army

U.S. Army Modernization Table Citations

General Sources:

• U.S. Department of Defense, “Department of Defense Comprehensive Selected Acquisition Reports for the Annual 2019 Reporting Requirement as Updated by the President’s Fiscal Year 2021 Budget,” https://media.defense.gov/2020/Nov/19/2002538295/-1/-1/0/SAR-SUMMARY-TABLES-DEC-2019-UPDATED.PDF (accessed August 19, 2022).
• U.S. Department of the Army, Department of Defense Fiscal Year (FY) 2023 Budget Estimates, Army, Justification Book of Aircraft Procurement, Army, April 2022, https://www.asafm.army.mil/Portals/72/Documents/BudgetMaterial/2023/Base%20Budget/Procurement/ACFT_Army.pdf (accessed August 19, 2022).
• U.S. Department of the Army, Department of Defense Fiscal Year (FY) 2023 Budget Estimates, Army, Justification Book Volume 1 of 3, Other Procurement, Army, Other Procurement, Army, Tactical and Support Vehicles, Budget Activity 1, April 2022, https://www.asafm.army.mil/Portals/72/Documents/BudgetMaterial/2023/Base%20Budget/Procurement/OPA_BA1_Tactical_Support_Vehicles.pdf (accessed August 19, 2022).
• U.S. Department of the Army, Department of Defense Fiscal Year (FY) 2023 Budget Estimates, Army, Justification Book of Procurement of W&TCV, Army, April 2022, https://www.asafm.army.mil/Portals/72/Documents/BudgetMaterial/2023/Base%20Budget/Procurement/WTCV_ARMY_II.pdf (accessed August 19, 2022).
• U.S. Department of Defense, Office of the Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller/Chief Financial Officer), United States Department of Defense Fiscal Year 2022 Budget Request: Program Acquisition Cost by Weapon System, May 2021, https://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/Documents/defbudget/FY2022/FY2022_Weapons.pdf (accessed August 19, 2022).

Program Sources:

M1A1/2 Abrams:

• United States Army, Acquisition Support Center, “Abrams Main Battle Tank,” updated 2022, https://asc.army.mil/web/portfolio-item/gcs-m1-abrams-main-battle-tank/ (accessed August 19, 2022).

M2 Bradley:

• Andrew Feickert, “The Army’s Optionally Manned Fighting Vehicle (OMFV) Program: Background and Issues for Congress,” Congressional Research Service Report for Members and Committees of Congress No. R45519, updated December 28, 2021, https://fas.org/sgp/crs/weapons/R45519.pdf (accessed August 19, 2022).
• Military.com, “M2/M3 Bradley Fighting Vehicle,” https://www.military.com/equipment/m2-m3-bradley-fighting-vehicle (accessed August 19, 2022).
• Jen Judson, “Competition to Replace Bradley Vehicles Enters Design, Prototype Phase,” Defense News, July 1, 2022, https://www.defensenews.com/land/2022/07/01/competition-to-replace-bradley-vehicles-enters-design-prototype-phase/ (accessed August 19, 2022).

Stryker:

• United States Army, Acquisition Support Center, “Stryker Family of Vehicles,” https://asc.army.mil/web/portfolio-item/gcs-stryker-family-of-vehicles/ (accessed August 19, 2022).

HMMWV:

• United States Army, Acquisition Support Center, “High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV),” https://asc.army.mil/web/portfolio-item/cs-css-high-mobility-multipurpose-wheeled-vehicle-hmmwv/ (accessed August 19, 2022).

AH-64D Apache:

• United States Army, Acquisition Support Center, “Apache Attack Helicopter AH-64D/E,” updated 2022, https://asc.army.mil/web/portfolio-item/apache-attack-helicopter-ah-64d-e/ (accessed August 19, 2022).
• Miguel Alejandro Laborde, “What’s the Future of the Apache?” RealClearDefense, March 26, 2022, https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2022/03/26/whats_the_future_of_the_apache_823885.html (accessed August 19, 2022).

AH-64E:

• Master Sgt. Adam Raynor, “South Carolina Guard Receives New AH-64E Apache Helicopters,” U.S. Army, March 28, 2022, https://www.army.mil/article/255120/south_carolina_guard_receives_new_ah_64e_apache_helicopters (accessed August 19, 2022).

UH-60A:

• United States Army, Acquisition Support Center, “Black Hawk Utility Helicopter—UH/HH-60,” https://asc.army.mil/web/portfolio-item/black-hawk-uhhh-60/ (accessed August 19, 2022).
• Military.com, “UH-60A/L Black Hawk Helicopter,” https://www.military.com/equipment/uh-60a-l-black-hawk (accessed August 19, 2022).

UH-60M:

• PEO Aviation, “Utility Helicopter UH-60M,” U.S. Army, September 25, 2020, https://www.army.mil/article/239415/utility_helicopter_uh_60m (accessed August 19, 2022).

CH-47D Chinook:

• Military.com, “CH-47D Chinook,” https://www.military.com/equipment/ch-47d-chinook (accessed August 19, 2022).

CH-47F Chinook:

• United States Army, Acquisition Support Command, “CH-47F Chinook,” https://asc.army.mil/web/portfolio-item/aviation_ch47f-chinook/ (accessed August 19, 2022).

MQ-1C Gray Eagle:

• United States Army, Acquisition Support Command, “MQ-1C Gray Eagle Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS),” https://asc.army.mil/web/portfolio-item/aviation_gray-eagle-uas/ (accessed August 19, 2022).

DPL:

• Congressional Budget Office, “Projected Acquisition Costs for the Army’s Ground Combat Vehicles,” April 2021, https://www.cbo.gov/system/files/2021-03/57085-ground-combat-vehicles.pdf (accessed August 19, 2022).

OMFV:

• Andrew Feickert, “The Army’s Optionally Manned Fighting Vehicle (OMFV) Program: Background and Issues for Congress,” Congressional Research Service Report for Members and Committees of Congress No. R45519, updated December 28, 2021, https://fas.org/sgp/crs/weapons/R45519.pdf (accessed August 19, 2022).
• David Vergun, “Next Generation Combat Vehicles to Replace Bradley Starting Fiscal Year 2026,” U.S. Army, November 3, 2018, https://www.army.mil/article/212190/next_generation_combat_vehicles_to_replace_bradley_starting_fiscal_year_2026 (accessed August 19, 2022).
• Jen Judson, “Army Drops Request for Proposals to Build Next-Gen Combat Vehicle Prototypes,” Defense News, March 29, 2019, https://www.defensenews.com/land/2019/03/29/armys-request-for-proposals-to-build-next-gen-combat-vehicle-prototypes-drops/ (accessed August 19, 2022).
• Andrew Feickert, “The Army’s Optionally Manned Fighting Vehicle (OMFV),” Congressional Research Service In Focus No. IF12094, May 3, 2022, https://sgp.fas.org/crs/weapons/IF12094.pdf (accessed August 19, 2022).

AMPV:

• United States Army, Acquisition Support Center, “Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicle,” updated 2022, https://asc.army.mil/web/portfolio-item/gcs-ampv/ (accessed August 19, 2022).
• Andrew Feickert, “The Army’s Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicle (AMPV),” Congressional Research Service In Focus No. IF11741, updated May 25, 2022, https://fas.org/sgp/crs/weapons/IF11741.pdf (accessed August 19, 2022).

JLTV:

• Andrew Feickert, “Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV): Background and Issues for Congress,” Congressional Research Service Report for Members and Committees of Congress No. RS22942, updated July 13, 2020, https://fas.org/sgp/crs/weapons/RS22942.pdf (accessed August 19, 2022).
• Andrew Feickert, “Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV),” Congressional Research Service In Focus No. IF11729, updated May 26, 2022, https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF11729/4 (accessed August 19, 2022).
• United States Army, Acquisition Support Center, “Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV),” updated 2022, https://asc.army.mil/web/portfolio-item/cs-css-joint-light-tactical-vehicle/ (accessed August 19, 2022).
• U.S. Army, Program Executive Office for Combat Support & Combat Service Support, “Army Approves JLTV Full-Rate Production,” September 18, 2019, https://www.army.mil/article/223482/army_approves_jltv_full_rate_production (accessed August 19, 2022).

U.S. Navy

U.S. Navy Modernization Table Citations

General Sources

• U.S. Navy, Naval Sea Systems Command, Naval Vessel Register, https://www.nvr.navy.mil/ (accessed August 19, 2022).
• “North America,” in International Institute for Strategic Studies, The Military Balance 2022: The Annual Assessment of Global Military Capabilities and Defence Economics (London: Routledge, 2022).
• U.S. Department of the Navy, Department of Defense Fiscal Year (FY) 2023 Budget Estimates, Navy, Justification Book Volume 1 of 3, Aircraft Procurement, Navy, Budget Activities 01–04, April 2022, https://www.secnav.navy.mil/fmc/fmb/Documents/23pres/APN%201-4_Book.pdf (accessed August 19, 2022).
• U.S. Department of the Navy, Department of Defense Fiscal Year (FY) 2023 Budget Estimates, Navy, Justification Book Volume 1 of 1, Shipbuilding and Conversion, Navy, April 2022, https://www.secnav.navy.mil/fmc/fmb/Documents/23pres/SCN_Book.pdf (accessed August 19, 2022).
• Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, Deputy Chief of Naval Operations for Warfighting Requirements and Capabilities–OPNAV N9, Report to Congress on the Annual Long-Range Plan for Construction of Naval Vessels for Fiscal Year 2023, April 2022, https://media.defense.gov/2022/Apr/20/2002980535/-1/-1/0/PB23%20SHIPBUILDING%20PLAN%2018%20APR%202022%20FINAL.PDF (accessed August 19, 2022).

Program Sources

Ford Class Aircraft Carrier

• Press release, “USS Gerald R. Ford (CVN 78) Completes First Full Ship Shock Trial Event,” U.S. Navy, Office of Information, June 18, 2021, https://www.navy.mil/Press-Office/Press-Releases/display-pressreleases/Article/2663444/uss-gerald-r-ford-cvn-78-completes-first-full-ship-shock-trial-event/ (accessed August 19, 2022).
• Newport News Shipbuilding, “CVN 78,” https://www.thefordclass.com/cvn-78/ (accessed August 19, 2022).
• Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, Deputy Chief of Naval Operations for Warfighting Requirements and Capabilities–OPNAV N9, Report to Congress on the Annual Long-Range Plan for Construction of Naval Vessels for Fiscal Year 2023, April 2022, https://media.defense.gov/2022/Apr/20/2002980535/-1/-1/0/PB23%20SHIPBUILDING%20PLAN%2018%20APR%202022%20FINAL.PDF (accessed August 19, 2022).
• Mallory Shelbourne, “Carrier USS Gerald R. Ford Wraps Up Maintenance Availability,” U.S. Naval Institute News, March 1, 2022, https://news.usni.org/2022/03/01/carrier-uss-gerald-r-ford-wraps-up-maintenance-availability (accessed August 19, 2022).
• Ronald O’Rourke, “Navy Ford (CVN-78) Class Aircraft Carrier Program: Background and Issues for Congress,” Congressional Research Service Report for Members and Committees of Congress No. RS20643, updated April 28, 2022, https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/RS/RS20643/268 (accessed August 19, 2022).

Columbia-Class Ballistic Missile Submarine

• Ronald O’Rourke, “Navy Columbia (SSBN-826) Class Ballistic Missile Submarine Program: Background and Issues for Congress,” Congressional Research Service Report for Members and Committees of Congress No. R41129, updated June 24, 2021, https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R41129/207 (accessed August 19, 2022).
• Franz-Stefan Gady, “US Navy’s Deadly New Nuclear Sub Finally Has a Name,” The Diplomat, December 16, 2016, https://thediplomat.com/2016/12/us-navys-deadly-new-nuclear-sub-finally-has-a-name/ (accessed August 19, 2022).
• Ronald O’Rourke, “Navy Columbia (SSBN-826) Class Ballistic Missile Submarine Program: Background and Issues for Congress,” Congressional Research Service Report for Members and Committees of Congress No. R41129, updated April 27, 2022, https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R41129/227 (accessed August 19, 2022).

Arleigh Burke-Class Destroyer

• Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, Deputy Chief of Naval Operations for Warfighting Requirements and Capabilities–OPNAV N9, Report to Congress on the Annual Long-Range Plan for Construction of Naval Vessels for Fiscal Year 2023, April 2022, https://media.defense.gov/2022/Apr/20/2002980535/-1/-1/0/PB23%20SHIPBUILDING%20PLAN%2018%20APR%202022%20FINAL.PDF (accessed August 19, 2022).
• John M. Donnelly, “House Armed Services Panel Backs Biden’s Navy Shipbuilding Plan,” Roll Call, June 7, 2022, https://rollcall.com/2022/06/07/house-armed-services-panel-backs-bidens-navy-shipbuilding-plan/ (accessed August 19, 2022).
• Ronald O’Rourke, “Navy DDG-51 and DDG-100 Destroyer Programs: Background and Issues for Congress,” Congressional Research Service Report for Members and Committees of Congress No. RL32109, updated May 2, 2022, https://www.everycrsreport.com/files/2022-05-02_RL32109_6a464921fe8e5cb7c812d21e4051617d98dd7094.pdf (accessed August 19, 2022).

Littoral Combat Ship

• Sam LaGrone, “Six Littoral Combat Ships to Deploy by Year’s End as Navy Continues to Refine Operations,” U.S. Naval Institute News, June 28, 2021, https://news.usni.org/2021/06/28/six-littoral-combat-ships-to-deploy-by-years-end-as-navy-continues-to-refine-operations (accessed August 19, 2022).
• Andrew Dyer, “After 15 Years, the Navy’s Littoral Combat Ships Are Still in Search of a Mission,” The San Diego Union-Tribune, May 15, 2021, https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/military/story/2021-05-15/littoral-combat-ship-mission (accessed August 19, 2022).
• Mallory Shelbourne, “Navy Could Transfer Decommissioned Littoral Combat Ships to Allies, Says CNO,” U.S. Naval Institute News, May 26, 2022, https://news.usni.org/2022/05/26/navy-could-transfer-decommissioned-littoral-combat-ships-to-allies-says-cno#:~:text=The%20Navy%20is%20seeking%20to,reached%20their%20expected%20service%20lives (accessed August 19, 2022).
• Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, Deputy Chief of Naval Operations for Warfighting Requirements and Capabilities–OPNAV N9, Report to Congress on the Annual Long-Range Plan for Construction of Naval Vessels for Fiscal Year 2023, April 2022, https://media.defense.gov/2022/Apr/20/2002980535/-1/-1/0/PB23%20SHIPBUILDING%20PLAN%2018%20APR%202022%20FINAL.PDF (accessed August 19, 2022).
• Sam LaGrone, “All Freedom Littoral Combat Ships in Commission Tapped for Early Disposal,” U.S. Naval Institute News, March 29, 2022, https://news.usni.org/2022/03/29/all-freedom-littoral-combat-ships-in-commission-tapped-for-early-disposal (accessed August 19, 2022).
• “U.S. Navy Plans to Retire Nine More Freedom-Class LCS Hulls,” The Maritime Executive, March 28, 2022, https://www.maritime-executive.com/article/u-s-navy-plans-to-retire-the-rest-of-its-freedom-class-lcs-hulls (accessed August 19, 2022).

Constellation-class Frigate (FFG-62)

• John Keller, “The Navy's New FFG(X) Frigate Warship Will Be Right-Sized and -Armed for the Crucial Open-Ocean Escort Role,” Military & Aerospace Electronics, June 2, 2020, https://www.militaryaerospace.com/blogs/article/14176965/frigate-armament-electronics (accessed August 19, 2022).
• Joe Saballa, “Lockheed Martin Designing Combat System for New US Navy Frigates,” The Defense Post, July 1, 2021, https://www.thedefensepost.com/2021/07/01/lockheed-designing-combat-system-frigates/ (accessed August 19, 2022).
• Megan Eckstein, “Fincantieri Wins $795M Contract for Navy Frigate Program,” U.S. Naval Institute News, April 30, 2020, https://news.usni.org/2020/04/30/fincantieri-wins-795m-contract-for-navy-frigate-program (accessed August 19, 2022).
• Ronald O’Rourke, “Navy Constellation (FFG-62) Class Frigate Program: Background and Issues for Congress,” Congressional Research Service Report for Members and Committees of Congress No. R44972, updated July 25, 2022, https://sgp.fas.org/crs/weapons/R44972.pdf (accessed August 19, 2022).

Virginia-Class

• Ronald O’Rourke, “Navy Virginia (SSN-774 Class Attack Submarine Procurement: Background and Issues for Congress,” Congressional Research Service Report for Members and Committees of Congress No. RL32418, June 24, 2021, https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/RL/RL32418/208 (accessed August 19, 2022).
• David Axe, “To Keep Up Its Undersea Strength, the U.S. Navy Aims to Keep Old Submarines Longer,” Forbes, November 22, 2021, https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2021/11/22/to-keep-up-its-undersea-strength-the-us-navy-aims-to-keep-old-submarines-longer/?sh=4f29240c3a45 (accessed August 19, 2022).

E-2D Advanced Hawkeye

• Defense Industry Daily Staff, “E-2D Hawkeye: The Navy’s New AWACS,” Defense Industry Daily, July 18, 2022, https://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/e-2d-hawkeye-the-navys-new-awacs-03443/ (accessed August 19, 2022).

F/A-18 Super Hornet

• Vicky Hartzler, “Hartzler: President Biden’s Budget Fails St. Louis and Our F-18 Fleet. Here’s How,” St. Louis Post Dispatch, June 22, 2021, https://www.stltoday.com/opinion/columnists/hartzler-president-biden-s-budget-fails-st-louis-and-our-f-18-fleet-here-s/article_d93a2acf-912f-59d9-bc3c-b473d887b885.html (accessed August 19, 2022).

F-35C Joint Strike Fighter

• Mark Episkopos, “This F-35C Stealth Fighter Will Be the Star of the Navy’s Sea Strategy,” The National Interest, The Buzz Blog, June 29, 2021, https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/f-35c-stealth-fighter-will-be-star-navy%E2%80%99s-sea-strategy-188828 (accessed August 19, 2022).

Ohio-Class

• Megan Eckstein, “Navy May Extend Life of Ohio SSBNs to Provide Cushion for Introduction of Columbia-Class,” U.S. Naval Institute News, updated December 24, 2020, https://news.usni.org/2020/11/16/navy-may-extend-life-of-ohio-ssbns-to-provide-cushion-for-introduction-of-columbia-class (accessed August 19, 2022).

U.S. Air Force

U.S. Air Force Modernization Table Citations

General Sources

• U.S. Department of the Air Force, Department of Defense Fiscal Year (FY) 2023 Budget Estimates, Air Force, Justification Book Volume 1 of 2, Aircraft Procurement, Air Force, Vol 1, April 2022, https://www.saffm.hq.af.mil/Portals/84/documents/FY23/PROCUREMENT_/FY23%20Air%20Force%20Aircraft%20Procurement%20Vol%20I.pdf?ver=G7mDgA6gGUT-vbPL4Xs1jA%3d%3d (accessed August 19, 2022).

Program Sources

B-21:

• “Air Force & Space Force Almanac 2022,” Air Force Magazine, Vol. 105, No. 6 and 7 (June/July 2022), pp. 44–168, https://www.airforcemag.com/app/uploads/2022/07/Almanac2022_Fullissue-1.pdf (accessed August 19, 2022).
• John Venable, “Acquiring the Air Force We Need,” The Mitchell Forum, No. 31 (June 2020), https://a2dd917a-65ab-41f1-ab11-5f1897e16299.usrfiles.com/ugd/a2dd91_681c25bfb72c46769d2004894ed1ea3a.pdf (accessed August 19, 2022).
• Jeremiah Gertler, “Air Force B-21 Raider Long-Range Strike Bomber,” Congressional Research Service Report for Members and Committees of Congress No. R44463, updated September 22, 2021, https://sgp.fas.org/crs/weapons/R44463.pdf (accessed August 19, 2022).
• Brent M. Eastwood, “Stealth Surprises: The U.S. Has Big Plans for the B-21 Raider,” 1945, May 10, 2022, https://www.19fortyfive.com/2022/05/b-21-stealth-bomber-production/ (accessed August 19, 2022).
• John A. Tirpak, “B-21 Raider First Flight Now Postponed to 2023,” Air Force Magazine, May 20, 2022, https://www.airforcemag.com/b-21-raider-first-flight-now-postponed-to-2023/ (accessed August 19, 2022).

F-35A

• “Air Force & Space Force Almanac 2022,” Air Force Magazine, Vol. 105, No. 6 and 7 (June/July 2022), pp. 44–168, https://www.airforcemag.com/app/uploads/2022/07/Almanac2022_Fullissue-1.pdf (accessed August 19, 2022).
• Stephen Losey, “One-Third of F-35s Could Be Delivered Before Operational Testing Is Complete,” Defense News, April 25, 2022, https://www.defensenews.com/air/2022/04/25/one-third-of-f-35s-could-be-delivered-before-operational-testing-complete/ (accessed August 19, 2022).
• U.S. Department of the Air Force, Department of Defense Fiscal Year (FY) 2023 Budget Estimates, Air Force, Justification Book Volume 1 of 2, Aircraft Procurement, Air Force, Vol 1, April 2022, https://www.saffm.hq.af.mil/Portals/84/documents/FY23/PROCUREMENT_/FY23%20Air%20Force%20Aircraft%20Procurement%20Vol%20I.pdf?ver=G7mDgA6gGUT-vbPL4Xs1jA%3d%3d (accessed August 19, 2022).

F-15EX Strike Eagle

• “Air Force & Space Force Almanac 2022,” Air Force Magazine, Vol. 105, No. 6 and 7 (June/July 2022), pp. 44–168, https://www.airforcemag.com/app/uploads/2022/07/Almanac2022_Fullissue-1.pdf (accessed August 19, 2022).
• U.S. Department of the Air Force, Department of Defense Fiscal Year (FY) 2023 Budget Estimates, Air Force, Justification Book Volume 1 of 2, Aircraft Procurement, Air Force, Vol 1, April 2022, https://www.saffm.hq.af.mil/Portals/84/documents/FY23/PROCUREMENT_/FY23%20Air%20Force%20Aircraft%20Procurement%20Vol%20I.pdf?ver=G7mDgA6gGUT-vbPL4Xs1jA%3d%3d (accessed August 19, 2022).

KC-46 Pegasus

• “Air Force & Space Force Almanac 2022,” Air Force Magazine, Vol. 105, No. 6 and 7 (June/July 2022), pp. 44–168, https://www.airforcemag.com/app/uploads/2022/07/Almanac2022_Fullissue-1.pdf (accessed August 19, 2022).
• U.S. Department of the Air Force, Department of Defense Fiscal Year (FY) 2023 Budget Estimates, Air Force, Justification Book Volume 1 of 2, Aircraft Procurement, Air Force, Vol 1, April 2022, https://www.saffm.hq.af.mil/Portals/84/documents/FY23/PROCUREMENT_/FY23%20Air%20Force%20Aircraft%20Procurement%20Vol%20I.pdf?ver=G7mDgA6gGUT-vbPL4Xs1jA%3d%3d (accessed August 19, 2022).
• Marcus Weisgerber, “KC-46 Tankers Expand Mission Workload, Start Refueling F-35s,” Defense One, July 7, 2021, https://www.defenseone.com/business/2021/07/kc-46-tankers-expand-mission-workload-start-refueling-f-35s/183155/ (accessed August 19, 2022).
• Jan Tegler, “Air Force Seeks to Bridge Aerial Refueling Gap,” National Defense, March 14, 2022, https://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/articles/2022/3/14/air-force-seeks-to-bridge-aerial-refueling-gap (accessed August 19, 2022).

C-130J

• “Air Force & Space Force Almanac 2022,” Air Force Magazine, Vol. 105, No. 6 and 7 (June/July 2022), pp. 44–168, https://www.airforcemag.com/app/uploads/2022/07/Almanac2022_Fullissue-1.pdf (accessed August 19, 2022).
• William McCormick, “Lockheed Martin Receives 3rd Installment of $3B Multiyear Award from U.S. Government to Deliver 50 C-130Js; Rod McLean Quoted,” ExecutiveGov, January 13, 2020, https://executivegov.com/2020/01/lockheed-martin-receives-3rd-installment-of-3b-multiyear-award-from-us-government-to-to-deliver-50-c-130js-rod-mclean-quoted/ (accessed August 19, 2022).

MQ-9 Reaper

• “Air Force & Space Force Almanac 2022,” Air Force Magazine, Vol. 105, No. 6 and 7 (June/July 2022), pp. 44–168, https://www.airforcemag.com/app/uploads/2022/07/Almanac2022_Fullissue-1.pdf (accessed August 19, 2022).
• Valerie Insinna, “Congress Resurrects MQ-9 Reaper Program, Adding 16 Drones for the Air Force,” Defense News, December 22, 2020, https://www.defensenews.com/air/2020/12/22/congress-resurrected-the-mq-9-reaper-program-adding-16-drones-for-the-air-force/ (accessed August 19, 2022).

Air Force Platform Summaries

B-52 Stratofortress

• “Air Force & Space Force Almanac 2022,” Air Force Magazine, Vol. 105, No. 6 and 7 (June/July 2022), pp. 44–168, https://www.airforcemag.com/app/uploads/2022/07/Almanac2022_Fullissue-1.pdf (accessed August 19, 2022).

B-1B Lancer

• “Air Force & Space Force Almanac 2022,” Air Force Magazine, Vol. 105, No. 6 and 7 (June/July 2022), pp. 44–168, https://www.airforcemag.com/app/uploads/2022/07/Almanac2022_Fullissue-1.pdf (accessed August 19, 2022).
• Brian W. Everstine, “B-1B Fleet Finishes Integrated Battle Station Upgrade,” Air Force Magazine, September 24, 2020, https://www.airforcemag.com/b-1b-fleet-finishes-integrated-battle-station-upgrade/ (accessed August 19, 2022).
• Boeing, “B-1B Lancer,” https://www.boeing.com/defense/b-1b-bomber/ (accessed August 19, 2022).

B-2 Spirit

• “Air Force & Space Force Almanac 2022,” Air Force Magazine, Vol. 105, No. 6 and 7 (June/July 2022), pp. 44–168, https://www.airforcemag.com/app/uploads/2022/07/Almanac2022_Fullissue-1.pdf (accessed August 19, 2022).

A-10 Thunderbolt II

• “Air Force & Space Force Almanac 2022,” Air Force Magazine, Vol. 105, No. 6 and 7 (June/July 2022), pp. 44–168, https://www.airforcemag.com/app/uploads/2022/07/Almanac2022_Fullissue-1.pdf (accessed August 19, 2022).
• Kyle Mizokami, “The Air Force Really Wants to Kill the A-10 Warthog,” Popular Mechanics, December 8, 2020, https://www.popularmechanics.com/military/aviation/a34907462/air-force-wants-to-retire-a-10-thunderbolt-warthog-congress-opposition/ (accessed August 19, 2022).

F-16 Fighting Falcon

• “Air Force & Space Force Almanac 2022,” Air Force Magazine, Vol. 105, No. 6 and 7 (June/July 2022), pp. 44–168, https://www.airforcemag.com/app/uploads/2022/07/Almanac2022_Fullissue-1.pdf (accessed August 19, 2022).
• News release, “U.S. Air Force Authorizes Extended Service Life for F-16,” Lockheed Martin, April 12, 2017, https://news.lockheedmartin.com/2017-04-12-U-S-Air-Force-Authorizes-Extended-Service-Life-for-F-16 (accessed August 19, 2022).

F-35 A Lightning

• “Air Force & Space Force Almanac 2022,” Air Force Magazine, Vol. 105, No. 6 and 7 (June/July 2022), pp. 44–168, https://www.airforcemag.com/app/uploads/2022/07/Almanac2022_Fullissue-1.pdf (accessed August 19, 2022).

F-15C Eagle

• “Air Force & Space Force Almanac 2022,” Air Force Magazine, Vol. 105, No. 6 and 7 (June/July 2022), pp. 44–168, https://www.airforcemag.com/app/uploads/2022/07/Almanac2022_Fullissue-1.pdf (accessed August 19, 2022).

F-15E Strike Eagle

• “Air Force & Space Force Almanac 2022,” Air Force Magazine, Vol. 105, No. 6 and 7 (June/July 2022), pp. 44–168, https://www.airforcemag.com/app/uploads/2022/07/Almanac2022_Fullissue-1.pdf (accessed August 19, 2022).

F-22 Raptor

• “Air Force & Space Force Almanac 2022,” Air Force Magazine, Vol. 105, No. 6 and 7 (June/July 2022), pp. 44–168, https://www.airforcemag.com/app/uploads/2022/07/Almanac2022_Fullissue-1.pdf (accessed August 19, 2022).
• Shaun Waterman, “F-22’s Agile Developers to Deliver First Link 16 Capability Next Year,” Air Force Magazine, November 1, 2019, https://www.airforcemag.com/f-22s-agile-developers-to-deliver-first-link-16-capability-next-year/ (accessed August 19, 2022).

KC-10 Extender

• “Air Force & Space Force Almanac 2022,” Air Force Magazine, Vol. 105, No. 6 and 7 (June/July 2022), pp. 44–168, https://www.airforcemag.com/app/uploads/2022/07/Almanac2022_Fullissue-1.pdf (accessed August 10, 2022).

KC-135 Stratotanker

• “Air Force & Space Force Almanac 2022,” Air Force Magazine, Vol. 105, No. 6 and 7 (June/July 2022), pp. 44–168, https://www.airforcemag.com/app/uploads/2022/07/Almanac2022_Fullissue-1.pdf (accessed August 19, 2022).

KC-46 Pegasus

• “Air Force & Space Force Almanac 2022,” Air Force Magazine, Vol. 105, No. 6 and 7 (June/July 2022), pp. 44–168, https://www.airforcemag.com/app/uploads/2022/07/Almanac2022_Fullissue-1.pdf (accessed August 19, 2022).

C-5M Galaxy

• “Air Force & Space Force Almanac 2022,” Air Force Magazine, Vol. 105, No. 6 and 7 (June/July 2022), pp. 44–168, https://www.airforcemag.com/app/uploads/2022/07/Almanac2022_Fullissue-1.pdf (accessed August 19, 2022).

C-17 Globemaster III

• “Air Force & Space Force Almanac 2022,” Air Force Magazine, Vol. 105, No. 6 and 7 (June/July 2022), pp. 44–168, https://www.airforcemag.com/app/uploads/2022/07/Almanac2022_Fullissue-1.pdf (accessed August 19, 2022).

C-130J Super Hercules

• “Air Force & Space Force Almanac 2022,” Air Force Magazine, Vol. 105, No. 6 and 7 (June/July 2022), pp. 44–168, https://www.airforcemag.com/app/uploads/2022/07/Almanac2022_Fullissue-1.pdf (accessed August 19, 2022).

RQ-4 Global Hawk

• “Air Force & Space Force Almanac 2022,” Air Force Magazine, Vol. 105, No. 6 and 7 (June/July 2022), pp. 44–168, https://www.airforcemag.com/app/uploads/2022/07/Almanac2022_Fullissue-1.pdf (accessed August 19, 2022).

MQ-9 A/B Reaper

• “Air Force & Space Force Almanac 2022,” Air Force Magazine, Vol. 105, No. 6 and 7 (June/July 2022), pp. 44–168, https://www.airforcemag.com/app/uploads/2022/07/Almanac2022_Fullissue-1.pdf (accessed August 19, 2022).

RC-135 Rivet Joint

• “Air Force & Space Force Almanac 2022,” Air Force Magazine, Vol. 105, No. 6 and 7 (June/July 2022), pp. 44–168, https://www.airforcemag.com/app/uploads/2022/07/Almanac2022_Fullissue-1.pdf (accessed August 19, 2022).

U-2 Dragon Lady

• “Air Force & Space Force Almanac 2022,” Air Force Magazine, Vol. 105, No. 6 and 7 (June/July 2022), pp. 44–168, https://www.airforcemag.com/app/uploads/2022/07/Almanac2022_Fullissue-1.pdf (accessed August 19, 2022).

E-3 Sentry

• “Air Force & Space Force Almanac 2022,” Air Force Magazine, Vol. 105, No. 6 and 7 (June/July 2022), pp. 44–168, https://www.airforcemag.com/app/uploads/2022/07/Almanac2022_Fullissue-1.pdf (accessed August 19, 2022).

E-8 JSTARS

• “Air Force & Space Force Almanac 2022,” Air Force Magazine, Vol. 105, No. 6 and 7 (June/July 2022), pp. 44–168, https://www.airforcemag.com/app/uploads/2022/07/Almanac2022_Fullissue-1.pdf (accessed August 19, 2022).

U.S. Marine Corps

U.S. Marine Corps Modernization Table Citations

General Sources:

• U.S. Department of the Navy, Department of Defense Fiscal Year (FY) 2023 Budget Estimates, Navy, Justification Book Volume 1 of 1, Procurement, Marine Corps, April 2022, https://www.secnav.navy.mil/fmc/fmb/Documents/23pres/PMC_Book.pdf (accessed August 19, 2022).
• U.S. Department of the Navy, Department of Defense Fiscal Year (FY) 2023 Budget Estimates, Navy, Justification Book Volume 2 of 3, Aircraft Procurement, Navy, Budget Activity 05, April 2022, https://www.secnav.navy.mil/fmc/fmb/Documents/23pres/APN_BA5_Book.pdf (accessed August 19, 2022).
• U.S. Department of the Navy, Department of Defense Fiscal Year (FY) 2023 Budget Estimates, Navy, Justification Book Volume 1 of 3, Aircraft Procurement, Navy, Budget Activities 01–04, April 2022, https://www.secnav.navy.mil/fmc/fmb/Documents/23pres/APN%201-4_Book.pdf (accessed August 19, 2022).
• “North America,” in International Institute for Strategic Studies, The Military Balance 2022: The Annual Assessment of Global Military Capabilities and Defence Economics (London: Routledge, 2022).

Program Sources

JLTV:

• Megan Eckstein, “Marine Corps Fields First JLTV This Week; IOC Planned for July,” U.S. Naval Institute News, February 27, 2019, https://news.usni.org/2019/02/27/marine-corps-fields-first-jltv-week-ioc-declaration-planned-july (accessed August 19, 2022).
• Todd South, “These Marine Units Are the First to Field the Newest Ground Combat Vehicle, the JLTV,” Marine Corps Times, February 28, 2019, https://www.marinecorpstimes.com/news/your-marine-corps/2019/02/28/these-marine-units-are-the-first-to-field-the-newest-ground-combat-vehicle-the-jltv/ (accessed August 19, 2022).

AAV:

• Sam LaGrone, “BREAKING: Marines Keeping AAVs Out of the Water Permanently,” US Naval institute News, December 15, 2021, https://news.usni.org/2021/12/15/breaking-marines-keeping-aavs-out-of-the-water-permanently (accessed August 19, 2022).

ACV:

• News release, “U.S. Marine Corps Awards $184 Million Contract for Full-Rate Production of the Amphibious Combat Vehicle Following IOC Declaration,” Bae Systems, December 10, 2020, https://www.baesystems.com/en/article/u-s-marine-corps-awards--184-million-contract-for-full-rate-production-of-the-amphibious-combat-vehicle-following-ioc-declaration (accessed August 19, 2022).
• Military.com, “Amphibious Combat Vehicle,” https://www.military.com/equipment/equipment/military-vehicles/amphibious-combat-vehicle (accessed August 19, 2022).
• Andrew Feickert, “The Marine Corps’ Amphibious Combat Vehicle (ACV),” Congressional Research Service In Focus No. IF11755, updated May 18, 2022, https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF11755 (accessed August 19, 2022).

AH-1Z:

• Military.com, “AH-1Z Viper,” https://www.military.com/equipment/ah-1z-viper (accessed August 19, 2022).
• Gina Harkins, “After More than 3 Decades, the Corps' AH-1W Super Cobra Makes Its Final Flight,” Military.com, October 20, 2020, https://www.military.com/daily-news/2020/10/20/after-more-3-decades-corps-ah-1w-super-cobra-makes-its-final-flight.html (accessed August 19, 2022).

F/A-18:

• U.S. Marine Corps, 2022 United States Marine Corps Aviation Plan, https://www.aviation.marines.mil/Portals/11/Documents/Aviation%20Plan/2022%20Marine%20Aviation%20Plan%20FINAL%20April%202022.pdf (accessed August 19, 2022).
• Caleb Larson, “Say Goodbye to the United States Marine Corps’ F/A-18 Hornet,” The National Interest, The Buzz Blog, March 4, 2021, https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/say-goodbye-united-states-marine-corps%E2%80%99%C2%A0fa-18-hornet-179289 (accessed August 19, 2022).

F-35B:

• 1st Lt. Zachary Bodner and Lance Cpl. Courtney Robertson, “Marine Attack Squadron 214 Transitions to the F-35B,” U.S. Marine Corps, https://www.marines.mil/News/News-Display/Article/2980238/marine-attack-squadron-214-transitions-to-the-f-35b/ (accessed August 19, 2022).
• U.S. Marine Corps, 2022 United States Marine Corps Aviation Plan, https://www.aviation.marines.mil/Portals/11/Documents/Aviation%20Plan/2022%20Marine%20Aviation%20Plan%20FINAL%20April%202022.pdf (accessed August 19, 2022).

F-35C:

• Harm Venhuizen, “Marine Corps’ First F-35C Squadron Ready to Deploy on Carriers,” Marine Corps Times, December 6, 2020, https://www.marinecorpstimes.com/news/your-marine-corps/2020/12/06/the-marine-corps-first-f-35c-squadron-is-ready-to-deploy-on-carriers/ (accessed August 19, 2022).

Osprey:

• U.S. Marine Corps, Marine Aviation, “V-22 Osprey,” https://www.aviation.marines.mil/About/Aircraft/Tilt-Rotor/ (accessed August 19, 2022).
• U.S. Marine Corps, 2022 United States Marine Corps Aviation Plan, https://www.aviation.marines.mil/Portals/11/Documents/Aviation%20Plan/2022%20Marine%20Aviation%20Plan%20FINAL%20April%202022.pdf (accessed August 19, 2022).

CH-53K:

• Maj. Jorge Hernandez, “Marine Corps Declares IOC for CH-53K King Stallion,” U.S. Marine Corps, April 26, 2022, https://www.marines.mil/News/News-Display/Article/3010851/marine-corps-declares-ioc-for-ch-53k-king-stallion/ (accessed August 19, 2022).

KC-130J:

• Military.com, “KC-130J Hercules,” https://www.military.com/equipment/kc-130j-hercules (accessed August 19, 2022).

U.S. Space Force

U.S. Space Force Modernization Table Citations

General Sources

• U.S. Department of the Air Force, Department of Defense Fiscal Year (FY) 2023 Budget Estimates, Air Force, Justification Book Volume 1 of 1, Procurement, Space Force, April 2022, https://www.saffm.hq.af.mil/Portals/84/documents/FY23/PROCUREMENT_/FY23%20Space%20Force%20Procurement.pdf?ver=vMyfar1xW31ifPHFc-mz6A%3d%3d (accessed August 19, 2022).
• Greg Hadley, “Navy Unit Transfers into Space Force, Becomes 10th Space Operations Squadron,” Air Force Magazine, June 14, 2022, https://www.airforcemag.com/navy-unit-transfers-into-space-force-becomes-10th-space-operations-squadron/ (accessed August 19, 2022).

Program Sources

GPS

• GPS.gov, “Space Segment: Current and Future Satellite Generations,” last modified June 28, 2022, https://www.gps.gov/systems/gps/space/ (accessed August 19, 2022).
• Fact Sheet, “Global Positioning System,” United States Space Force, current as of October 2020, https://www.spaceforce.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Article/2197765/global-positioning-system/ (accessed September 15, 2022).
• U.S. Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Coast Guard, Navigation Center, “GPS Constellation: GPS Constellation Status,” https://www.navcen.uscg.gov/gps-constellation (accessed August 19, 2022).
• Nathan Strout, “Space Force Launches Fifth GPS III Satellite for More Secure Positioning,” C4ISRNET, June 18, 2021, https://www.c4isrnet.com/battlefield-tech/space/2021/06/18/space-force-launches-fifth-gps-iii-satellite/?utm_source=Sailthru&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=EBB%206.21&utm_term=Editorial%20-%20Early%20Bird%20Brief (accessed August 19, 2022).
• Tracy Cozzens, “With SV08, 3 GPS III Satellites Ready for Launch,” GPS World, August 26, 2021, https://www.gpsworld.com/with-sv08-3-gps-iii-satellites-ready-for-launch/ (accessed August 19, 2022).

SBIRS

• Gunter’s Space Page, “Trumpet 4, 5 / SBIRS HEO-1, 2,” last update November 4, 2020, https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/trumpet-fo.htm (accessed August 19, 2022).
• GlobalSecurity.org, “SBIRS HEO–High Earth Orbit,” last modified August 26, 2018, https://www.globalsecurity.org/space/systems/sbirs-heo.htm (accessed August 19, 2022).
• Gunter’s Space Page, “Trumpet 6, 7 / SBIRS HEO-3, 4,” last update April 29, 2021, https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/trumpet-fo-2.htm (accessed August 19, 2022).
• William Harwood, “Space Force Launches Billion-Dollar Satellite to Warn of Missile Launches,” CBS News, May 18, 2021, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/space-force-launches-missile-early-warning-satellite / (accessed August 10, 2022).
• Space Systems Command Public Affairs, “SBIRS GEO-6 Space Vehicle Completes Production,” U.S. Space Force, Space Systems Command, September 29, 2021, https://www.ssc.spaceforce.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/2793014/sbirs-geo-6-space-vehicle-completes-production (accessed August 19, 2022).
• Space Launch Schedule, “SBIRS GEO-6,” https://www.spacelaunchschedule.com/launch/atlas-v-421-sbirs-geo-6/ (accessed August 19, 2022).
• Sandra Erwin, “The End of SBIRS: Air Force Says It’s Time to Move on,” SpaceNews, February 19, 2018, https://spacenews.com/the-end-of-sbirs-air-force-says-its-time-to-move-on/ (accessed August 19, 2022).

DSP

• Gunter’s Space Page, “DSP 1,2,3,4 (Phase 1),” last update March 19, 2020, https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/dsp-1.htm (accessed August 19, 2022).
• Gunter’s Space Page, “DSP 5, 6, 7 (Phase 2),” last update March 19, 2020, https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/dsp-2.htm (accessed August 19, 2022).
• Gunter Dirk Krebs, “DSP 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 (Phase 3),” last update March 19, 2020, https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/dsp-3.htm (accessed August 19, 2022).
• Table, “Spacecraft in Service over Time (As of Sept. 30, 2019),” in “Air Force & Space Force Almanac 2020,” Air Force Magazine, Vol. 103, No. 6 (June 2020), p. 67, https://www.airforcemag.com/app/uploads/2020/06/June2020_Fullissue5.pdf (accessed August 19, 2022).

SBSS

• Fact Sheet, “Space Based Space Surveillance,” United States Space Force, current as of October 2020, https://www.spaceforce.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Article/2197743/space-based-space-surveillance/ (accessed August 19, 2022).
• Gunter’s Space Page, “MSX,” last update December 11, 2017, https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/msx.htm (accessed August 19, 2021).
• Gunter’s Space Page, “SBSS 1,” last update December 11, 2017, https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/sbss-1.htm (accessed August 19, 2022).

STSS-ATR

• Center for Strategic and International Studies, Missile Defense Project, “Space Tracking and Surveillance System (STSS),” Missile Threat, last updated July 19, 2021, https://missilethreat.csis.org/defsys/stss/ (accessed August 19, 2022).
• Gunter’s Space Page, “STSS-ATRR,” last update July 21, 2019, https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/stss-atrr.htm (accessed August 19, 2022).
• News release, “Missile Defense Agency Space Tracking and Surveillance System Advanced Technology Risk Reduction Satellite Transfers to Air Force Space Command,” U.S. Department of Defense, Missile Defense Agency, February 26, 2011, https://www.mda.mil/news/11news0004.html (accessed August 19, 2022).

GSSAP

• Gunter’s Space Page, “GSSAP 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 (Hornet 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6),” last update January 23, 2022, https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/gssap-1.htm (accessed August 19, 2022).
• Spaceflight101.com, “GSSAP Satellite Overview,” https://spaceflight101.com/spacecraft/gssap/ (accessed August 19, 2022).
• Fact Sheet, “Geosynchronous Space Situational Awareness Program,” United States Space Force, current as of October 2020, https://www.spaceforce.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Article/2197772/geosynchronous-space-situational-awareness-program/ (accessed August 19, 2022).

DMSP

• Fact Sheet, “Defense Meteorological Satellite Program,” United States Space Force, current as of October 2020, https://www.spaceforce.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Article/2197779/defense-meteorological-satellite-program/ (accessed August 19, 2022).
• William McCormick, “DOD Plans to Replace DMSP Weather Satellites Within Five Years; Gen. David Thompson Quoted,” ExecutiveGov, May 24, 2021, https://www.executivegov.com/2021/05/dod-plans-to-replace-dmsp-weather-satellites-within-five-years-gen-david-thompson-quoted/ (accessed August 19, 2022).

WSF-M

• Gunter’s Space Page, “WSF-M 1, 2” Gunter’s Space Page, last update June 6, 2022, https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/wsf-m.htm (accessed August 19, 2022).
• Debra Werner, “Are Small Satellites the Solution for Space Weather Monitoring?” SpaceNews, March 6, 2019, https://spacenews.com/are-small-satellites-the-solution-for-space-weather-monitoring/ (accessed August 19, 2022).

Milstar

• Fact Sheet, “Milstar Satellite Communications System,” United States Space Force, current as of October 2020, https://www.spaceforce.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Article/2197755/milstar-satellite-communications-system/ (accessed August 19, 2022).
• Gunter’s Space Page, “Milstar-2 1, 2, 3, 4 (Milstar 3, 4, 5, 6),” last update March 19, 2020, https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/milstar-2.htm (accessed August 19, 2022).

AEHF

• Airman 1st Class Jonathan Whitely, “AEHF-6 Satellite Completes Protected Satellite Constellation,” United States Space Force, Space Force News, March 27, 2020, https://www.spaceforce.mil/News/Article/2129221/aehf-6-satellite-completes-protected-satellite-constellation/ (accessed August 19, 2022).
• Fact Sheet, “Advanced Extremely High Frequency System,” United States Space Force, current as of July 2020, https://www.spaceforce.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Article/2197713/advanced-extremely-high-frequency-system/ (accessed August 19, 2022).
• Gunter’s Space Page, “AEHF 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,” last update November 4, 2020, https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/aehf-1.htm (accessed August 19, 2022).

DSCS

• Fact Sheet, “Defense Satellite Communications System,” United States Space Force, current as of October 2020, https://www.spaceforce.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Article/2197790/defense-satellite-communications-system/ (accessed August 19, 2022).
• Gunter’s Space Page, “DSCS-3,” last update March 19, 2020, https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/dscs-3.htm (accessed August 19, 2022).

WGS

• Gunter’s Space Page, “WGS 1, 2, 3 (WGS Block 1),” last update November 4, 2020, https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/wgs-1.htm (accessed August 19, 2022).

FLTSATCOM

• GlobalSecurity.org, “FLTSATCOM Fleet Satellite Communications System,” last modified July 21, 2011, https://www.globalsecurity.org/space/systems/fltsat.htm (accessed August 19, 2022).
• Gunter’s Space Page, “FLTSATCOM 6, 7, 8 (Block 2),” last update December 11, 2017, https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/fltsatcom-2.htm (accessed August 19, 2022).
• Gunter’s Space Page, “FLTSATCOM 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (Block 1),” last update December 11, 2017, https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/fltsatcom-1.htm (accessed August 19, 2022).

UFO

• Gunter’s Space Page, “UFO 1, 2, 3 (UHF-FO Block 1)” last update December 11, 2017, https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/ufo-1.htm (accessed August 19, 2022).
• Gunter’s Space Page, “UFO 11 (UHF-FO Block 4),” last update December 11, 2017, https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/ufo-11.htm (accessed August 19, 2022)

MUOS

• Gunter’s Space Page, “MUOS 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,” Gunter’s Space Page, last update November 4, 2020, https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/muos-1.htm (accessed August 19, 2022).