PUBLICATIONS BY James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
Research
Commentary
Books
Media Appearances
2008 Research
April 30, 2008
Petraeus Hearing Should Focus on Three Fronts, One Long War
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D., and Lisa Curtis
(WebMemo #1908)
During the upcoming confirmation hearings, senators from both sides of the aisle should make clear to the incoming the U.S. Central Command commander that winning all three fronts is vital to American interests and that they will do everything in their power to support accomplishing these goals.
April 30, 2008
Checking Out! A Proposal for Land Border Exit Checks to Improve Visa Management
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(WebMemo #1909)
The United States Visitor and Immi¬gration Status Indicator Technology (US-VISIT) program was established by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to record foreign visitors and workers leaving the country.
April 28, 2008
The United States and Mexico: Helping One Another, Helping Ourselves
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D., and Diem Nguyen
(WebMemo #1901)
The United States and Mexico share many of the same problems, including immigration challenges, inadequate border security, and drug smuggling. The two nations do not adequately collaborate to address these issues, despite common goals: defeating the drug cartels, economic development, and finding solutions to America's immigration crisis and broken border.
April 17, 2008
Moving Forward to Secure the Border
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D., and Diem Nguyen
(WebMemo #1894)
Secretary of Homeland Security Michael Chertoff has issued two waivers of laws hindering barrier construction and security improvements on the border with Mexico. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has already built 309 miles of border obstacles, and these waivers will facilitate improvements on about 500 miles of border infrastructure. One waiver addresses environmental and land management laws that applied to about 470 miles across four border states; the other addresses a 22-mile levee-border project in Hidalgo, Texas. The waivers were issued on April 1, 2008, and will become effective upon their publication in the Federal Register.
April 09, 2008
Next Steps for Homeland Security
By James Carafano
(Testimony #9999)
Next Steps for Homeland Security
April 04, 2008
All Aboard: Fifty States Now Compliant with Real ID
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D., Charles Stimson, Diem Nguyen
(WebMemo #1886)
This past week, the state of Maine agreed to comply with Real ID regulations. Maine was the last state to agree to comply with Real ID, making this a remarkable cornerstone for the program. All 56 U.S. jurisdictions and states have either complied with the law to implement Real ID security standards by May 11, 2008, or have applied for an extension of the deadline for security improvements.
March 28, 2008
Iraq: Pause in Troop Drawdown Makes Sense
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D., and James Phillips
(WebMemo #1871)
The Bush Administration and Congress should fully support the recommendation on force levels from the commander on the ground.
March 13, 2008
Principles for Stability Operations and State-Building
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(Heritage Lecture #1067)
Historically, the United States has done very poor job of post-conflict planning before and during conflicts. In order to be successful in a post-conflict setting there must be a sound doctrine based on principles of process, principles of purpose, and principles of peace.
March 12, 2008
Securing the High Seas: America's Global Maritime Constabulary Power
By Mackenzie M. Eaglen, James Dolbow, Martin Edwin Andersen, and James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(Special Report #20)
To meet 21st century threats to freedom and world commerce, greater emphasis needs to be placed on bolstering the Navy’s core warfighting mission while expanding the role of the Coast Guard to include its leading participation in the creation of a global constabulary that is equipped to carry out a growing range of both traditional and non-traditional missions and requirements.
February 29, 2008
Competitive Technologies for National Security: Review and Recommendations
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D., Andrew Gudgel, and Alane Kochems
(Special Report #21)
Emerging technologies will provide capabilities that include protection and possible immunity against biological agents, better screening at airports and ports, more efficient information-gathering and information-sharing techniques, and better armor for our troops. These fields will be at the center of scientific advances for years to come and perhaps will redefine not only our national security capabilities, but also how we conduct our daily lives.
February 26, 2008
U.S.-Czech Agreement Is a Model for Visa Reform
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(WebMemo #1828)
Czech participation in the Visa Waiver Program will improve security and facilitate travel.
February 19, 2008
Providing for the Common Defense: What 10 Years of Progress Would Look Like
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D., Baker Spring, and Mackenzie M. Eaglen
(Backgrounder #2108)
The U.S. military must cap manpower costs, adapt Reserve Component forces, maintain access to cutting-edge technologies, deploy a robust missile defense system, obtain military space capabilities, and modernize the nuclear weapons force to address post–Cold War requirements. Congress should fund national defense at no less than 4 percent of GDP for the next 10 years and reform entitlement spending.
February 19, 2008
Executive Summary: Providing for the Common Defense: What 10 Years of Progress Would Look Like
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D., Baker Spring, and Mackenzie M. Eaglen
(Executive Summary #2108)
The U.S. military must cap manpower costs, adapt Reserve Component forces, maintain access to cutting-edge technologies, deploy a robust missile defense system, obtain military space capabilities, and modernize the nuclear weapons force to address post–Cold War requirements. Congress should fund national defense at no less than 4 percent of GDP for the next 10 years and reform entitlement spending.
February 08, 2008
Combating Enemies Online: State-Sponsored and Terrorist Use of the Internet
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D., and Richard Weitz, Ph.D.
(Backgrounder #2105)
The United States is not defenseless in the face of illicit exploitation of computer networks. Both the government and the private sector have developed significant capabilities. Effectively combating enemies online will require a concerted national effort, particularly in acquiring commercial capabilities and services, managing military intelligence and information technology programs, and developing a corps of professional national security practitioners.
February 07, 2008
DHS Gets Real ID Right
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(WebMemo #1801)
It is time for states to accept the responsibility for implementing Real ID.
February 01, 2008
Northern Exposure: The Right Way to Address U.S.-Canadian Counterterrorism
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.,
(Backgrounder #2104)
To achieve a broader defense structure and implement policies that do not involve adding additional layers of bureaucracy to an already congested problem, the U.S. and Canada should focus on better coordination on visa policies and trade security, increased cross-border law enforcement, enhanced cooperation in maritime security, and renewed efforts to spur private development of cross-border infrastructure.
January 31, 2008
Thwarting Terrorists While Protecting Innocents: The Material Support and Related Provisions of the Immigration and Nationality Act
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D., Brian W. Walsh, J. Kelly Ryan, and Paul S. Rosenzweig
(Heritage Lecture #1057)
Restrictions enacted into law after 9/11 barred persons who provided any kind of support to a group of persons viewed as terrorists from entering the U.S. The laws were also interpreted to cover those who under duress and the threat of harm to themselves or their families were forced to provide the terrorists with food, housing, or other material support. The Administration and Congress have been working to remedy this problem and allow more otherwise eligible and honorable applicants for admission, refugees, and asylees to settle in America.
January 31, 2008
Congress Must Stop Playing Politics with FISA and National Security
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D., Robert Alt, and Andrew M. Grossman
(WebMemo #1791)
Congress's 15-day extension of the Protect America Act puts intelligence-gatherers in an impossible situation.
January 30, 2008
A Second Look at Container Security: Lessons from Hong Kong
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(WebMemo #1788)
Inspecting 100 percent of shipping containers makes little sense from a security or economic standpoint.
January 11, 2008
Making REAL ID Real-Finally
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(WebMemo #1773)
Congress should fully fund the budget request for REAL ID implementation.
2007 Research
December 31, 2007
Homeland Security: Five New Year's Resolutions for Congress
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(WebMemo #1763)
After a bad year for homeland security in Congress, the body should adopt five resolutions for the New Year.
December 31, 2007
Taxing Visitors Is the Wrong Way to Promote the United States
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(WebMemo #1764)
Congress should do its own job better and leave travel promotion to the private sector.
December 31, 2007
A New Year's Resolution: Implement Visa Waiver Reform by End of 2008
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(WebMemo #1765)
These reforms will ease travel into the United States while simultaneously strengthening safety and security.
December 28, 2007
Grassroots Disaster Response: Harnessing the Capacities of Communities
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D., Jennifer A. Marshall, and Lauren Calco Hammond
(Backgrounder #2094)
The survivors of a major disaster require immediate, personal relief, and the government is simply not equipped to provide for all of these needs, especially survivors’ spiritual needs. By partnering with faith-based and community groups before a disaster, America’s local, state, and federal governments can help survivors receive a higher quality of immediate attention and guarantee long-term support.
December 19, 2007
The Pentagon's Robots: Arming the Future
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D., and Andrew Gudgel
(Backgrounder #2093)
America's capability to seize and maintain a strategic advantage in robotic national security applications could be lost without sustained and focused commitment from the Administration and Congress. Congress should provide adequate funding, encourage increased coordination, and craft policies that encourage prudent investment in robotic technology.
December 18, 2007
The Omnibus: "Stealth" Security Provision Is Unnecessary
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(WebMemo #1753)
This policy rider threatens both the economy and the integrity of the lawmaking process.
November 13, 2007
U.S. Thwarts 19 Terrorist Attacks Against America Since 9/11
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(Backgrounder #2085)
The list of arrests as a result of effective counterterrorism investigations by the United States in cooperation with other governments demonstrates conclusively that terrorist organizations have not relinquished their essential goals. Continuing these operations, which include sound, effective, and lawful intelligence, surveillance, and investigations, is one of the best weapons in America’s arsenal for the long war.
October 31, 2007
Grading Cybersecurity Initiatives: Six Necessary Components
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(WebMemo #1684)
Such initiatives should meet all of the nation's priorities: enhancing security, promoting economic growth, and preserving liberty and privacy.
October 31, 2007
AgJOBS Immigration Bill Is Stealth Amnesty
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D., and Diem Nguyen
(WebMemo #1685)
Congress should reform and expand programs for visiting agricultural workers rather than use farm bill legislation to pass stealth amnesty.
October 30, 2007
Emissions Mandates Would Undermine National Security
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D., and Oliver Horn
(WebMemo #1683)
The Carbon-Neutral Government Act of 2007 offers an unnecessary and dangerous strategy for reducing the military’s energy demands.
October 24, 2007
National Disaster Planning Slowed by Inadequate Interagency Process
By Matt A. Mayer and James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(Backgrounder #2079)
Six years after 9/11, the federal government still lacks a comprehensive regime for planning and preparing for large-scale disasters. Fixing the problem will require renewed vigor from the Administration in setting clear policy guidelines, particularly in implementing a National Exercise Program, emphasizing the priority of interagency disaster preparedness for the National Planning Scenarios, and improving professional development.
October 23, 2007
The DREAM Act: Senate Could Soon Vote on "Stealth" Amnesty Bill
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(WebMemo #1674)
S. 2205 would undermine the rule of law and encourage further illegal entry and unlawful presence in the United States.
October 18, 2007
Enhancing International Collaboration for Homeland Security and Counterterrorism
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D., and Richard Weitz, Ph.D.
(Backgrounder #2078)
The United States stands to reap enormous security benefits from improved security abroad. By establishing multinational homeland defense education and training initiatives and mobile training teams similar to the Defense Department’s IMET program, the DHS could significantly enhance foreign national homeland security expertise and performance while establishing critical relationships with foreign governments and civilian personnel.
October 15, 2007
Congress Should Act on Social Security "No Match" Sharing for Immigration Enforcement
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(WebMemo #1663)
Rather than wait for a court battle to resolve the issue, Congress should craft legislation making it more difficult for persons unlawfully present in the United States to illegally obtain work.
October 10, 2007
New Homeland Security Strategy Misses the Mark
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(WebMemo #1659)
The Administration's new strategy obfuscates rather than clarifies the government’s homeland security mission.
September 24, 2007
Treatment of Detainees and Unlawful Combatants: Selected Writings on Guantanamo Bay
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D., Steven Groves, and Janice Smith
(Special Report #17)
The research presented in The Heritage Foundation’s Guantanamo Bay collection clearly indicates that Congress should not interfere with the U.S. military’s policy of detaining unlawful alien enemy combatants at Guantanamo Bay. The United States is engaged in an ongoing armed conflict against al-Qaeda in Afghanistan and therefore has no obligation—legal, moral, or otherwise—to release captured enemy soldiers so that they may return to the battlefield. Short-sighted legislation extending unprecedented rights to foreign terrorists and other enemy combatants undermines U.S. troops deployed in the field in Afghanistan and Iraq. These detainees should not be released until the cessation of hostilities in Afghanistan and elsewhere.
September 21, 2007
Nanotechnology and National Security: Small Changes, Big Impact
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D., and Andrew Gudgel
(Backgrounder #2071)
After the fall of the Berlin Wall, leaders in both the legislative and executive branches essentially discarded public diplomacy as a Cold War relic. Since 9/11, the situation has improved only marginally if at all. To restore America’s voice, government leaders should draw on the nation's Cold War legacy to lay the foundation for the next generation of public diplomacy.
September 19, 2007
The House's Anti-Terror Insurance Bill: Unnecessary Corporate Welfare
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(WebMemo #1623)
Congress should reject any reauthorization of TRIA, for any period of time.
September 19, 2007
The Ag JOBS Act: Immigration Amnesty Revived
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D., and Diem Nguyen
(WebMemo #1626)
The Senate's latest vehicle for granting amnesty to illegal immigrants promises an even easier route to legal status than the summer's failed comprehensive immigration reform bill.
September 16, 2007
"Cut and Run Lite": Congressional Iraq Proposal Puts Troops at Risk
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(WebMemo #1618)
Congress limiting deployments would tie Pentagon planners' hands and force a de facto drawdown of U.S. force levels in Iraq.
September 11, 2007
Six Years After 9/11: Are We Safe Yet?
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(WebMemo #1609)
America has done well in protecting itself against terrorist attacks, but there are signs that Congress is losing its focus.
September 06, 2007
Court Stops Social Security "No-Match" Immigration Enforcement: Lessons for Congress
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(WebMemo #1600)
Next steps for Congress and the Administration after a federal court enjoins new workplace enforcement measures.
September 04, 2007
Visas for Heroes: Congressional Action Needed to Safeguard America’s Friends
By James Jay Carafano and Diem Nguyen
(WebMemo #1598)
Congress and the Administration must reform U.S. laws and procedures to provide increased opportunities for Iraqi refugees to come to the United States.
August 22, 2007
Release of CIA Report on 9/11: Simple Lessons for the Long War
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(WebMemo #1589)
The message the media missed: The best way to combat terrorism is concerted and sustained intelligence and counterterrorism operations.
August 03, 2007
After the 9/11 Act: Homeland Security Grants Still Moving in the Wrong Direction
By Matt A. Mayer and James Jay Carafano, Ph.D
(Backgrounder #2059)
The Department of Homeland Security is still struggling to keep homeland security grants from becoming just another federal entitlement, and Congress has passed a bill that will make the DHS’s job more difficult. Congress needs to eliminate minimum grant allocations, boost matching requirements, consolidate grant categories, and require the DHS to conduct a full assessment of national capabilities.
August 01, 2007
Terrorists in Their Own Words
By James Phillips and James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(Backgrounder #2057)
U.S. security depends on bolstering the security of Muslims against the menace of Islamist totalitarian movements. Such unified action requires consensus: a common view of the nature of the threat and the war and a common vision of how to respond. Listening to the terrorists' own words and taking them seriously is the first step in winning the long war.
July 25, 2007
If Iran Provokes an Energy Crisis: Modeling the Problem in a War Game
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D., and William W. Beach
(Center for Data Analysis Report #07-03)
A focused but restrained use of military power oriented toward objectives that address vital national interests would demonstrate U.S. determination to uphold freedom of navigation in the Strait of Hormuz, help to calm global markets, and reassure American consumers, and measures liberalizing energy policies and rolling back regulatory restrictions would allow the marketplace to work to meet global energy needs.
July 23, 2007
National Security and Biotechnology: Small Science with a Big Potential
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D., and Andrew Gudgel
(Backgrounder #2055)
Because dual-use biotechnologies developed in the private sector offer powerful tools to protect Americans from biological threats and to increase the military’s operational capabilities, the federal government should promote international liability protection for developing and deploying new national security goods and services, promote scientific travel and exchanges, and assign a lead agency to coordinate biotechnology exploitation for national security.
July 17, 2007
The Levin-Reed Amendment on Iraq: Cut in the U.N. and Run
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D., and James Phillips
(WebMemo #1558)
Congress should reject cut and run and instead allow the military to finish the job of training Iraqi security forces that are capable of supporting the government, dealing with sectarian violence, and protecting the civilian population.
July 13, 2007
Keeping the Skies Friendly: Next Steps for General Aviation Security
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(Backgrounder #2051)
The national effort to make the skies safer should include bolstering the DHS, the Coast Guard, and local law enforcement air assets to patrol for threats from general aviation aircraft; integrating border security into general aviation security; a Trusted Pilot Program; interoperable databases between government agencies; and new technologies, such as GPS locators and biometric pilot’s licenses.
July 12, 2007
Congress Deserves Praise for Dropping Collective Bargaining with Security Screeners
By James Sherk and James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(WebMemo #1551)
Forcing the TSA to collectively bargain would endanger American lives. Members of Congress from both parties deserve praise for striking this harmful provision.
July 10, 2007
Deployment-Length Amendment Is First Step Toward "Cut and Run" In Iraq
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(WebMemo #1544)
Legislating combat deployment schedules would limit the Commander in Chief's flexibility during war and would be the first step toward cutting and running from Iraq.
July 05, 2007
Future Computing and Cutting-Edge National Security
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D., and Andrew Gudgel
(Backgrounder #2049)
Data mining and cognitive computers are powerful tools that could greatly improve the identification, analysis, and decision-making capabilities in homeland security and defense. Congress not only should be aware of these computing technologies, but also should encourage their development by creating policy that establishes clear guidelines for responsible use within constitutional limits without impeding future development.
July 05, 2007
The War on Terrorism: Habeas Corpus On and Off the Battlefield
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(WebMemo #1535)
Extending habeas corpus rights to unlawful enemy combatants would impede military operations, undermine the laws of war, and unnecessarily burden an already fair legal process.
June 27, 2007
Mission Possible: Homeland Security Should Focus on Current Mandates, Not New Missions
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(WebMemo #1527)
Rather than pile more responsibilities on DHS by granting amnesty to millions of illegal aliens, Congress should let the department fulfill its current missions, such as gaining control of the southern border, using its current authorities.
June 26, 2007
Illegal Immigration Alternatives: How States Should Respond
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(WebMemo #1526)
Withdrawing benefits for illegal immigrants is a strategy far superior to the Senate bill's focus on amnesty first.
June 22, 2007
Gitmo Debate Misses the Point
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(WebMemo #1520)
Moving jails won't change the United States' responsibilities in the war on terrorism.
June 20, 2007
Immigration Amendments Undermine REAL ID and Workplace Enforcement
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(WebMemo #1516)
Two amendments to the Senate's immigration bill would undermine efforts to strengthen the security and authenticity of state-issued identity documents and to enforce immigration laws in the workplace.
June 15, 2007
Enduring Alliances Empower America's Long-War Strategy
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D., and Sally McNamara
(Backgrounder #2042)
Enduring alliances should be the centerpiece of America's long-war strategy, but they will require a concerted U.S. effort to facilitate secure travel and interchange between America and its friends and allies, a shared common vision that enhances public diplomacy so that America can better make its case on the world stage, and creating new opportunities for security cooperation.
June 15, 2007
Throwing Money at the Problem No Solution to Immigration and Border Security
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(WebMemo #1508)
The Senate immigration bill would undermine current efforts to better enforce existing laws. Instead, Congress and the Administration should take modest steps that would strengthen national security and serve a growing economy.
June 12, 2007
Collective Bargaining for Defense and DHS Would Undermine National Security
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D., and James Sherk
(WebMemo #1498)
Congress considers collective bargaining policies that would empower unions at the expense of national security.
June 12, 2007
A New Strategy for Real Immigration Reform
By Matthew Spalding, Ph.D. and James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(WebMemo #1499)
Rather than reviving the failed and unworkable approach of "comprehensive" immigration reform, Congress should pursue an incremental strategy based on enforcing existing laws, along with a few modest, common-sense legislative initiatives.
June 12, 2007
The Homeland Security Authorization Bill
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(WebMemo #1500)
Passing an annual authorization bill and further consolidating committee jurisdiction over DHS will show that Congress takes its responsibility for national security seriously.
June 12, 2007
Reject Pork in Homeland Security Appropriations
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D., Garrett Murch, and Diem Nguyen
(WebMemo #1502)
Earmarking homeland security funding would prevent the DHS from establishing the most effective national security system possible.
June 11, 2007
Small Boats, Big Worries: Thwarting Terrorist Attacks from the Sea
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(Backgrounder #2041)
For the United States to develop a comprehensive and multilayered approach to homeland security, it must address the small-boat threat by (1) developing plans to improve U.S. situational awareness rather than defend against specific threat types and (2) investing in measures that bolster the U.S. economy and provide the best return for the amount spent.
June 05, 2007
What to Do With the Unlawfully Present Population? A Fair and Practical Strategy
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D., and Matthew Spalding, Ph.D.
(WebMemo #1487)
Rather than grant amnesty, Congress should use law enforcement and market forces to end America’s addiction to undocumented labor and create legitimate opportunities for immigrants.
June 04, 2007
Senate Immigration Reform No Fix for Border Security
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(WebMemo #1483)
Congress's proposal would not improve border security. Fixing it will require major changes.
May 31, 2007
Senate Immigration Reform Bill Neglects Immigration Services
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(WebMemo #1477)
The Senate's immigration proposal would vastly expand USCIS's workload but do little to ensure that the agency is capable of handling the task.
May 30, 2007
1986 Redux: Proposed Senate Immigration Reform Repeats Past Failure
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(WebMemo #1476)
The 1986 bill granted amnesty, then tried to enforce the law, and created a poor alternative to undocumented labor. It failed. The current bill follows exactly the same strategy.
May 10, 2007
Spending Smarter: Prioritizing Homeland Security Grants by Using National Standards and Risk Criteria
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D. and Matt A. Mayer
(Backgrounder #2033)
It is past time to build a national disaster preparedness and response system grounded on the Department of Homeland Security's Target Capabilities List and to allocate funds based strictly on whether funding requests would build the right capabilities in the right places at the right level. This would minimize or eliminate underinvestment in some areas and overinvestment in others.
May 08, 2007
Making REAL ID A Reality - Concerns, Challenges, Choices, Solutions
By James Carafano
(Testimony #9999)
The attacks of September 11, 2001, and their aftermath have renewed Washington's focus on the importance of reaching out to foreign audiences, particularly within the Muslim world, in order to boost support for U.S. values and policies.
May 08, 2007
FEMA and Federalism: Washington Is Moving in the Wrong Direction
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D., and Matt A. Mayer
(Backgrounder #2032)
The United States needs a disaster response system that is built on the principle of federalism. FEMA should focus its efforts on preparing to respond to catastrophic disasters like Hurricane Katrina, and Congress should establish a higher threshold for triggering federal disaster declarations and encourage states and local communities to implement responsible public safety and emergency response programs.
May 04, 2007
The Real Importance of REAL ID: A Strategy for Saving the Secure Driver's License Initiative
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(Executive Memorandum #1024)
REAL ID is the right answer at the right time. National standards for driver's licenses will combat crime, thwart terrorists, discourage employment of undocumented workers, and better protect the privacy of individuals. Congress needs to appropriate the funds to "kick start" the REAL ID program, and the Administration should encourage the states to implement national standards.
April 30, 2007
After the Veto: Next Steps for Congress on the War Funding Bill
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(WebMemo #1437)
Further delay by Congress will harm U.S. interests, undermine the training and readiness of the armed forces, and jeopardize the lives of the young soldiers on the battlefield.
April 23, 2007
Stopping Surprise Attacks: Thinking Smarter About Homeland Security
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D., Frank J. Cilluffo, Richard Weitz, Ph.D., and Jan Lane
(Backgrounder #2026)
The 9/11 Commission concluded that America's anti-terrorism defenses suffer from a "lack of imagination," with gaps between intelligence agencies and a lack of coordination between intelligence and law enforcement creating space for terrorist cells to operate on U.S. soil. This makes net assessment capabilities even more critical to defeating a terrorist adversary that is continuously learning and adapting.
April 10, 2007
Four Percent for Freedom: Maintaining Robust National Security Spending
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D., Baker Spring, and Mackenzie M. Eaglen
(Executive Memorandum #1023)
Congress and the President should commit to spending 4 percent of GDP on national defense even after any drawdown of U.S. forces in Afghanistan or Iraq, both to prevent a recurrence of the “hollow force” and to meet immediate modernization needs, and reform the major entitlement programs that threaten the budget and the economy over the long term.
March 29, 2007
Improving Emergency Communications: Lessons from Grading America's Cities
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D., and Richard Weitz, Ph.D.
(Backgrounder #2021)
Congress can help to build a national emergency management communications capacity that serves Americans well during disasters and national catastrophes, but to do so efficiently and effectively, Members need to resist the temptation merely to throw more resources and requirements at the problem and concentrate on federal initiatives that empower local leadership, nurture good governance, and encourage regional cooperation.
March 28, 2007
Thinking for the Long War: Strategic Planning and Review for the Department of Homeland Security
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(Heritage Lecture #1008)
Nowhere is the need for a detailed assessment on the scale of the Quadrennial Defense Review more important than in the area of homeland security. In addition to defense and homeland security, attention should be given to U.S. public diplomacy and foreign assistance programs, the defense industrial base, the intelligence community, and the use of space for national security purposes.
March 21, 2007
Thinking for the Long War: Strategic Planning and Review for the Department of Homeland Security
By James Jay Carafano
(Testimony #9999)
Mr. Chairman and other distinguished Members, I am honored to testify before you today. America must consider more deeply the requirements for fighting and winning the long war. In my opening statement, I want to make the case that Congress needs comprehensive assessments of the nation's homeland security programs and an independent review that evaluates how national defense and homeland security programs fit within the context of the overall interagency national security effort.
March 19, 2007
Improve the Visa Waiver Program with Exit Checks for New Participants
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D., Helle C. Dale, and James Dean
(WebMemo #1400)
A simple way to move forward in instituting a mandatory exit registry program in a practical, affordable, and reasonable manner.
March 14, 2007
Heritage at the Border: Ideas That Make a Difference
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(WebMemo #1395)
The author's visit to the border region provides insight into border security and immigration reform.
February 28, 2007
Better, Faster, Cheaper Border Security Requires Better Immigration Services
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D., and Matt A. Mayer
(Backgrounder #2011)
Congress needs to establish a better model to pay for immigration services, to fund the transformation of U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services capabilities, and to enable the USCIS to work more effectively as part of an interagency team. The longer Congress waits, the longer it will take to deliver the border and immigration security that America needs and deserves.
February 26, 2007
Congress's Unprincipled Proposals on Iraq Could Put Lives and Nation at Risk
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(WebMemo #1371)
Congress must not take battlefield decisions away from commanders or undermine the commander-in-chief's capacity to defend the nation.
February 23, 2007
Rail Security Requires Patience, Not Pork or More Regulation
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(Executive Memorandum #1021)
The federal government has completed a national vulnerability assessment of the rail system, issued additional regulations, developed law enforcement support teams, and allocated millions for training, planning, and exercises. Instead of throwing more money and laws at the problem, Congress should focus on its oversight responsibility to ensure that these programs are implemented efficiently and effectively.
February 14, 2007
A "Rucksack" for U.S. Military Personnel: Modernizing Military Compensation
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(Executive Memorandum #1020)
A "rucksack" of health care and retirement benefits that military personnel select themselves and can carry with them would help the Pentagon get the military that it needs when it needs it while helping to rein in spiraling manpower costs and could also become a model for the civilian workforce of the future.
February 12, 2007
The Senate Homeland Security Bill: More Hits Than Misses
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(WebMemo #1354)
The contrast between the Senate’s Improving America’s Security Act of 2007 (S. 4) and the legislation passed last month in the House, the Implementing the 9/11 Commission Recommendations Act of 2007 (H.R. 1), is stark. While purporting to implement the recommendations of the 9/11 Commission, the House bill offered little more than “bait and switch” security, containing a hodge-podge of “bumper sticker” election-year promises that had little do with either the 9/11 Commission’s report or the real homeland security needs of the United States. The draft bill to be introduced in the Senate, however, focuses mostly on practical measures for addressing priority issues.
February 08, 2007
Bush's Budget: Protecting Homeland Security and Defense by Reining in Entitlements
By Baker Spring, James Jay Carafano, Ph.D., Alison Acosta Fraser, Brian M. Riedl, and Will Packer
(WebMemo #1352)
The most important feature of the President’s budget proposal is its focus on reining in the crushing costs of entitlement programs like Medicare while adequately funding national defense and homeland security.
February 06, 2007
Bush's Homeland Security Budget: Dollars that Make Sense.
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(WebMemo #1343)
The Administration has offered a sound blueprint for homeland security. Congress should follow its lead.
February 02, 2007
Homeland Security Spending for the Long War
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(Heritage Lecture #989)
The U.S. is spending the right amount on homeland security. However, Congress should adhere to a set of strategic principles to create a comprehensive approach to homeland security spending. To ensure adequate spending on homeland security over the long term, Congress will have to address entitlement spending.
February 01, 2007
How to Fix the 100 Hours Homeland Security Bill
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D., Baker Spring, James Sherk, Brian W. Walsh, Lisa Curtis, and Helle C. Dale
(Backgrounder #2003)
The Implementing the 9/11 Commission Recommendations Act of 2007, passed by the House as a part of the Speaker’s “100 Hours” agenda, muddles the mission of providing homeland security with misguided proposals. Congress should replace the most troubling provisions of H.R. 1 with initiatives that are more consistent with the 9/11 Commission’s recommendations.
February 01, 2007
Executive Summary: How to Fix the 100 Hours Homeland Security Bill
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D., Baker Spring, James Sherk, Brian W. Walsh, Lisa Curtis, and Helle C. Dale
(Executive Summary #2003)
The Implementing the 9/11 Commission Recommendations Act of 2007, passed by the House as a part of the Speaker’s “100 Hours” agenda, muddles the mission of providing homeland security with misguided proposals. Congress should replace the most troubling provisions of H.R. 1 with initiatives that are more consistent with the 9/11 Commission’s recommendations.
January 31, 2007
Nine Essential Points for Talking About the War on Terrorism
By James Phillips and James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(Executive Memorandum #1019)
Winning the war on terrorism requires understanding the enemy, delegitimizing its view of the world, offering a credible alternative, and demonstrating the will to prevail. Using the right words and ideas can help to achieve victory against a totalitarian Islamic ideology that manipulates religious words and ideas to impose its goals on both Muslims and non-Muslims through violence.
January 24, 2007
State of the Union 2007: A Renewed Call for Immigration Reform
By Matthew Spalding, Ph.D., and James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(WebMemo #1327)
While the President's proposal for comprehensive reform contains several positive elements, it still contains a fundamental flaw: amnesty.
January 23, 2007
Thinking Differently About Winning the Peace
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(Heritage Lecture #987)
Winning the peace is part of fighting and winning the war. Historically, American occupations tend to be ad hoc affairs. We do a poor job at interagency operations and we expect war-fighting military structures to adapt to post-conflict operations. We should put in place a structure better suited to 21st century wars.
January 22, 2007
Rethinking Research, Development, and Acquisition for Homeland Security
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D., and Richard Weitz, Ph.D.
(Backgrounder #2000)
After five years, reorganization of the Directorate for Science and Technology is unfinished business that the Department of Homeland Security can no longer ignore. The S&T mission needs to become more focused, and the directorate needs to learn to partner better with other agencies and international partners and to manage its assets and resources better.
January 11, 2007
Congressional Measure Undermines Better, Faster, Cheaper Border Security
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(Executive Memorandum #1017)
Congress was right to insist that the Administration intensify its efforts to provide the law enforcement needed to secure the border, but it was wrong to prohibit the Department of Homeland Security from using non-federal instructors as trainers, which would help the DHS to meet its surge training demands efficiently and effectively. Congress should fix this problem now.
January 10, 2007
Promoting Security and Civil Liberties: The Role of Data Mining in Combating Terrorism.
By James J. Carafano, Ph.D.
(Testimony #9999)
Even though I appreciate the opportunity to testify before the committee, I must state at the outset that I reject the premise of this hearing.
January 09, 2007
100-Hours Homeland Security Bill Not Ready for Prime Time
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(WebMemo #1302)
To avoid damaging U.S. homeland security operations and wasting taxpayers' money, Congress should strip the most troubling provisions from this legislation.
January 05, 2007
Negroponte Departs with Intelligence Reform Still a Work in Progress
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(WebMemo #1299)
Much work remains to be done to finish the job of creating the intelligence community America needs.
January 04, 2007
Testing the House's Homeland Security Agenda
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(WebMemo #1297)
Three tell-tale signs of whether the Democrats' homeland security legislation is thoughtfully constructed to help keep America secure, free, and prosperous.
2006 Research
December 15, 2006
Evaluating Emergency Supplemental Spending: Advice for Congress
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D., Mackenzie M. Eaglen, and Baker Spring
(WebMemo #1288)
Congress should use emergency supplemental spending to provide our armed forces in the field with the support they need while being a good steward of tax dollars and providing appropriate oversight of federal programs.
December 06, 2006
The Iraq Study Group Report: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly
By James Phillips and James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(WebMemo #1278)
With one exception, the Iraq Study Group provides a thoughtful approach to moving forward in Iraq.
December 05, 2006
The Gates Confirmation Hearing: Congress Must Focus on Defense Essentials
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(WebMemo #1275)
Prudent confirmation hearings should focus on the near-term issues that can be addressed and will have the greatest long-term impact on national security.
December 05, 2006
Gates Confirmation Hearing Focuses on Right Issues
By Mackenzie M. Eaglen and James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(WebMemo #1277)
The confirmation hearing of Robert Gates as Secretary of Defense focused on the war in Iraq and the broader war on terrorism, equipment modernization, the size of the military, and defense spending.
November 30, 2006
President's Proposed Visa Waiver Program Reforms Strengthen Fight Against Terror
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D., and Laura P. Keith
(WebMemo #1268)
President Bush’s proposed reforms for the Visa Waiver Program would create better, more flexible security standards and open up business and trade.
November 22, 2006
State and Local Law Enforcement's Key Role in Better, Faster, Cheaper Border Security
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D., and David B. Muhlhausen, Ph.D.
(Executive Memorandum #1015)
Federal support for border security policing should be viewed as a short-term bridging program to secure the border now, not as a pork-barrel program allocated through earmarks. To fund these efforts, Congress and the Administration should plan to allocate about $400 million per year over three years out of the projected spending on homeland security grants.
November 09, 2006
The Pentagon's Inadequate Vision for Safeguarding U.S. Soil: What’s Needed from the Reserve Components
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(Heritage Lecture #975)
National Guard forces ought to large and robust and dual-use, suitable for domestic missions at home and many of the tasks our military is called on to perform overseas.
November 08, 2006
After Rumsfeld: Next Steps for the National Defense
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(WebMemo #1251)
Defense priorities for Congress and the next Secretary of Defense.
November 08, 2006
A Border Security Strategy for Bush and Calderón: Improve Cooperation Between the U.S. and Mexico
By Stephen Johnson and James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(WebMemo #1252)
An agenda to substantially reduce the illegal border crossing that fuels criminal activity on both sides.
October 16, 2006
Missing Pieces in Homeland Security: Interagency Education, Assignments, and Professional Accreditation
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(Executive Memorandum #1013)
Congress created the Department of Homeland Security partly to lead a national effort of federal, state, and local governments, nongovernmental organizations, and the private sector, but building a core of homeland security professionals has hardly begun. Education, assignment, and accreditation are tools that can be applied to developing professionals for homeland security and other critical interagency national security activities.
October 05, 2006
Homeland Security Technology, Global Partnerships, and Winning the Long War
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D., Jonah J. Czerwinski, and Richard Weitz, Ph.D.
(Backgrounder #1977)
The Department of Homeland Security’s most urgent task is to develop an international science and technology strategy to improve the coherence of DHS foreign efforts, including the sharing of critical homeland security technologies. The DHS also needs to establish a clearinghouse of existing technologies that describes the technologies, their capabilities, and their possible missions.
October 05, 2006
The Dangerous Consequences of Cutting and Running in Iraq
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D., and James Phillips
(Executive Memorandum #1012)
A precipitous withdrawal of U.S. support would have disastrous results for Iraq, its neighbors, and U.S. national interests. The Administration needs to complete the training of Iraqi security forces, support Iraq’s new democratic government, and eventually turn the future of Iraq over to the only people who can ensure long-term success—the Iraqis.
September 29, 2006
Coming to America: Initiatives for Better, Faster, and More Secure Visas
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D., Brian C. Goebel, and Josh Kussman
(Backgrounder #1976)
Congress and the Administration should improve the visa issuance system by creating a risk management system to separate low-risk applicants from high-risk applicants; defining more clearly the roles of consular officers, visa security officers, and other personnel involved in the visa review process and enhancing their training; expanding the Visa Security Program; and establishing a visa ombudsman authority.
September 22, 2006
Congress Should Act on Directed-Energy Defenses That Could Protect Israel from Hezbollah’s Short-Range Rockets
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(WebMemo #1220)
If Congress acts fast, these defenses could be deployed in time to make a difference.
September 18, 2006
New Evidence for a New Visa Waiver Policy
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(WebMemo #1217)
A new report strengthens the case for expanding the visa waiver program.
September 18, 2006
Congress Should Compromise on Military Commissions
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
(WebMemo #1216)
Establishing military commissions to try terrorists should not be a battleground for debating the president's ability to interpret the Geneva Conventions.
September 15, 2006
Homeland Security Grant Reform: Congressional Inaction Must End
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D., and Jamie Metzl
(Backgrounder #1971)
Few public reports in American history have had more impact than the report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States.
