April 8, 2008
African Development: Promise and Peril
By Karol Boudreaux
(Heritage Lecture #1074)
Africa's future lies in the entrepreneurial spirit. More and more young Africans are being entrepreneurial, and as they move Africa forward in the 21st century, ...

March 21, 2008
U.S. Africa Command: Challenges and Opportunities
By Brett D. Schaefer and Mackenzie M. Eaglen
(Backgrounder #2118)
The decision to create the U.S. Africa Command reflects the increasing strategic importance of Africa to the U.S. and recognizes that a single independent command ...

March 14, 2008
Kenya's Stability Is an Important U.S. Priority
By Tom Woods
(WebMemo #1852)
To protect U.S. interests and advance democracy in Africa, the U.S. must act as guarantor of the agreement signed between President Mwai Kibaki and opposition ...

March 11, 2008
PEPFAR "Compromise" Abandons Successful Approaches to International AIDS Relief
By Daniel Patrick Moloney, Ph.D.
(WebMemo #1845)
Reauthorization proposals in Congress represent significant departures from the current law, are hugely expensive, and would take U.S. policy off-course.

February 15, 2008
President Bush's Trip to Africa:
Solidifying U.S. Partnerships with the Region
By Brett D. Schaefer and Anthony B. Kim
(WebMemo #1817)
Congress should support the Administration's efforts to help guide Africa into a brighter future.

February 13, 2008
Keeping PEPFAR International AIDS Relief on Target
By Jennifer A. Marshall, Daniel Patrick Moloney, Ph.D., and Brett D. Schaefer
(WebMemo #1812)
In reauthorizing the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), Congress must ensure that funding is administered in ways that have proven effective and that ...

January 8, 2008
Kenyan Election Signals Need to Overhaul U.S. Policy Toward Nascent Democracies
By Brett D. Schaefer and Steven Groves
(WebMemo #1769)
The U.S. must overhaul its policy of issuing official statements following elections and adopt new measures to bolster democracy in developing nations.

September 27, 2007
Clarifying the Future of AFRICOM
By Brett D. Schaefer and Mackenzie M. Eaglen
(WebMemo #1644)
To dispel regional concerns, the U.S. must clarify how the new command will partner with African nations and supplement existing U.S. government activities and policies ...

July 13, 2007
Africa's Oil and Gas Sector: Implications for U.S. Policy
By Ariel Cohen, Ph.D., and Rafal Alasa
(Backgrounder #2052)
Development and transformation of Africa’s energy sector presents a unique opportunity for cooperation between African countries and energy consumers, particularly since Africa is geographically closer ...

March 26, 2007
Into Africa: China's Grab for Influence and Oil
By Peter Brookes
(Heritage Lecture #1006)
China is seeking new markets for its export-driven economy and access to Africa’s abundant natural resources, especially sources of energy. However, Beijing’s broad energy, trade, ...

March 23, 2007
The Crisis in Zimbabwe: How the U.S. Should Respond
By Brett D. Schaefer
(WebMemo #1407)
The U.S. should strengthen its sanctions on Zimbabwe and press other nations and international organizations to ratchet up pressure on Mugabe and his supporters.

February 7, 2007
Creating an Africa Command: Bush Administration Makes the Right Call
By Brett D. Schaefer
(WebMemo #1349)
President Bush has demonstrated foresight in calling for an Africa command, and Congress should work to support its implementation.

August 10, 2006
The U.K. in Sierra Leone: A Post-Conflict Operation Success?
By Major General Jonathon P. Riley
(Heritage Lecture #958)
Post-conflict reconstruction depends on three elements: security, good governance, and essential services such as basic health and sanitation. If these three things are put in ...

June 20, 2006
America's Growing Reliance on African Energy Resources
By Brett D. Schaefer
(Backgrounder #1944)
Implementing a strategy of diversifying the sources of America's energy imports will require securing access to and encouraging increased production of oil resources in Africa. ...

June 5, 2006
The Free Trade Future of AGOA
By Brett D. Schaefer and Daniella Markheim
(WebMemo #1108)
This week Washington will host the fifth Sub-Saharan Africa Trade and Economic Cooperation Forum, which will bring together governments and representatives of the private sector ...

May 18, 2006
Keeping the Pressure on Sudan
By By Brett D. Schaefer
(WebMemo #1085)
In recent years violence and atrocities committed by "Arab" militias in the Darfur region of western Sudan have increased. The large numbers of deaths and ...

February 27, 2006
Ten Things that Africa Can Do for Itself
By Greg Mills, Ph.D.
(Heritage Lecture #923)
Western governments have granted generous aid and debt relief to Africa. However, this is a two-way bargain. How should Africa respond, and what is the ...

February 22, 2006
China's Influence in Africa: Implications for the United States
By Peter Brookes and Ji Hye Shin
(Backgrounder #1916)
China is rapidly expanding its influence in Africa through copious diplomatic, financial, and military assistance, endangering U.S. goals and visions for the region. In order ...

February 3, 2006
How Economic Freedom Is Central to Development in Sub-Saharan Africa
By Brett D. Schaefer
(Heritage Lecture #922)
Developed countries can assist development by encouraging good policy and opening their markets to developing country products, but success in development ultimately depends on developing ...

January 13, 2006
Promoting Economic Prosperity Through the Millenium Challenge Account
By Brett D. Schaefer
(Heritage Lecture #920)
By focusing on countries that are committed to policies conducive to economic growth and development, the Millennium Challenge Account sends the right message that developing ...

February 15, 2005
Why the U.S. Is Right to Support an Ad Hoc Tribunal for Darfur
By Brett D. Schaefer
(WebMemo #665)
A position based on accountability, sovereignty, and a desire for local resolution of problems.

February 14, 2005
The U.N.'s Heart of Darkness: Why Congress Must Investigate the Congo Scandal
By Nile Gardiner, Ph.D., and Joseph Loconte
(WebMemo #664)
"Acts of gross misconduct have taken place."

October 4, 2004
Pressure Sudan to Halt Oppression in Darfur
By James Phillips
(Executive Memorandum #943)
The Darfur crisis will end only after the Bashir regime is convinced that its repression of its own people will not be tolerated. It is ...

May 19, 2004
Addressing Nigeria's Economic Problems and the Islamist Terrorist Threat
By Ariel Cohen, Ph.D., and Brett D. Schaefer
(Executive Memorandum #933)
Ongoing assaults against Nigerian oil production, general political instability, economic mismanagement, and the threat of Islamist radicalism necessitate that the U.S. work with Nigeria to ...

February 10, 2004
A Fresh Start for Liberia
By Nile Gardiner, Ph.D.
(WebMemo #420)
So far, the United States has taken the lead in rebuilding Liberia. Contributing further short-term aid and helping to establish institutions of democracy and civil ...

October 15, 2003
U.S. Military Assistance for Africa: A Better Solution
By James Jay Carafano, Ph.D., and Nile Gardiner, Ph.D.
(Backgrounder #1697)
The United States is facing increasing international pressure to play a more prominent role on the world's most troubled continent, but instead of sending U.S. ...

September 30, 2003
Executive Summary: The White House Initiative to Combat AIDS: Learning from Uganda
By Joseph Loconte
(Executive Summary #1692)

September 29, 2003
The White House Initiative to Combat AIDS: Learning from Uganda
By Joseph Loconte
(Backgrounder #1692)
The White House seems to understand that the favorite solution of Western public health elites -- a "condom airlift" for the continent -- would be ...

August 14, 2003
Don't Lift Sanctions Against Libya
By Dr. Nile Gardiner, James Phillips and Peter Brookes
(WebMemo #329)
The Libyan government has announced that it will pay $2.7 billion in compensation to the families of the 270 victims of the 1988 Pan Am ...

July 3, 2003
Why U.S. Troops Should Not Be Sent to Liberia
By Jack Spencer
(WebMemo #308)
President Bush should not commit any United States troops to an international peacekeeping force in Liberia. There is scant evidence that peace is imminent. Any ...

July 3, 2003
A New Vision for Africa
By Nile Gardiner Ph.D.
(WebMemo #307)
President Bush must take with him a new vision for Africa, based on the universal principles of economic liberty, political freedom and respect for the ...

February 20, 2003
Economic Freedom: The Path to African Prosperity
By Brett D. Schaefer
(Heritage Lecture #778)
Removing barriers to trade is one of the most important actions that developed countries can take to aid development in poor nations and should be ...

December 19, 2002
Peace, Conflict and Mediation in Africa: An Historic Opportunity in Sudan
By The Honorable Walter H. Kansteiner III
(WebMemo #180)
The civil war in Sudan is the longest running conflict in the world—and one of the most bloody.  Bush's Sudan Peace Act strengthens our message ...

April 5, 2002
Somalia and al-Qaeda: Implications for the War on Terrorism
By James A. Phillips
(Backgrounder #1526)
Washington cannot afford to bog down its overburdened military forces in naive nation-building efforts that are inherently risky, expensive, and doubtful.

March 14, 2002
Zimbabwe's Stolen Presidential Election Demands a U.S. Response
By Brett D. Schaefer
(Backgrounder #1525)
The United States and its allies should warn Mugabe that a stolen election will not absolve him of responsibility for his despicable actions that include ...

June 13, 2001
To Stop Sudan's Brutal Jihad, Support Sudan's Opposition
By James Phillips
(Executive Summary #1449)
BG1449ES: To Stop Sudan's Brutal Jihad, Support Sudan's Opposition

June 13, 2001
To Stop Sudan's Brutal Jihad, Support Sudan's Opposition
By James A. Phillips
(Backgrounder #1449)
Sudan's radical Islamic regime has created one of the world's worst human rights situations and one of its largest humanitarian crises. But approaching Sudan's internal ...

May 10, 2001
Past Time to Isolate Zimbabwe
By Brett D. Schaefer
(Executive Memorandum #747)
Under the repressive regime of President Robert Mugabe, Zimbabwe has fallen into economic crisis and political chaos.

February 8, 2001
Lockerbie Verdict Vindicates Continued Sanctions Against Libya
By James A.  Phillips
(Executive Memorandum #718)
The Bush Administration should not relax the pressure against Qadhafi's violent regime until all those involved in the Lockerbie bombing are brought to justice.

November 2, 2000
How Washington Should Respond to Instability in Zimbabwe
By Brett D. Schaefer
(Executive Memorandum #705)
Washington should urge Mugabe to resign and withhold U.S. assistance until he does. It should work with the United Nations and other organizations to supervise ...

May 10, 2000
The Keys to an African Economic Renaissance
By Brett D. Schaefer
(Backgrounder #1369)
If poor countries in sub-Saharan Africa are to develop, they must work to build free markets and participate more competitively in the global economy

August 13, 1998
The Embassy Bombings:  Bridging the Gap Between Rhetoric and Action
By James H. Anderson, Ph.D.
(Executive Memorandum #545)
The United States must redouble its efforts to limit the scourge of international terrorism by raising the costs of terrorist activity.

November 9, 1995
The Rising Threat of Revolutionary Islam in Algeria
By James A. Phillips
(Backgrounder #1060)
A radical Islamic victory in Algeria would pose significant long-term threats to U.S. interests in North Africa, the Middle East, and the Muslim world generally. ...

June 1, 1993
Putting U.S. Angola Policy Back on Track
By Sheehy, Thomas P.
(Executive Memorandum #357)

October 13, 1992
Washington Should Beware of U.N. Peace Monitors in South Africa
By Sheehy, Thomas P.
(Executive Memorandum #342)

September 25, 1992
Promoting a Prosperous and Peaceful Angola
By Sheehy, Thomas P.
(Backgrounder #915)

July 21, 1991
My Vision for South Africa
By Buthelezi, Mangosuthu G.
(Heritage Lecture #326)

April 12, 1991
A New Liberation Doctrine for Africa
By Johns, Michael
(Backgrounder #322)

September 21, 1990
Time to Rethink U.S. South Africa Policy
By Johns, Michael
(Executive Memorandum #282)

July 31, 1990
With Freedom Near in Angola This is No Time to Curtail Unita Assistance
By Johns, Michael
(Executive Memorandum #276)

June 14, 1990
For Mandela's Visit, Some Words of Caution
By Johns, Michael
(Executive Memorandum #269)

May 1, 1990
The End of African Socialism
By Ayittey, George B.
(Heritage Lecture #250)

April 24, 1990
Strengthening U.S. Ties With Kenya
By Johns, Michael
(Backgrounder #766)

February 5, 1990
Angola: Testing Gprbachev's 'New Thinking'
By Johns, Michael
(Executive Memorandum #259)

November 1, 1989
Namibia and the Global Democratic Revolution
By Johns, Michael
(Heritage Lecture #224)

June 29, 1989
Zaire's Mobutu Visits America
By Johns, Michael
(Executive Memorandum #239)

November 17, 1988
Angola at the Crossroads
By Johns, Michael
(Executive Memorandum #219)

June 29, 1988
Angola's Freedom Fighters: Why They Merit U.S. Aid
By Pascoe, William
(Executive Memorandum #207)

May 12, 1988
In Ethiopia, Mengistu's Final Solution
By Pascoe, William
(Executive Memorandum #200)

March 9, 1988
Blacks and the West Pay the Heavy. Price for South African Sanctions
By Pascoe, William
(Executive Memorandum #189)

February 12, 1988
In Southern Africa, The State Department Bets Against the Reagan Doctrine
By Pascoe, William
(Backgrounder #633)

September 22, 1987
Reality in Mozambique Punctures a State Department Myth
By Norquist, Grover
(Executive Memorandum #176)

June 5, 1987
U.S. Sanctions on South Africa: The Results Are In
By Pascoe, William
(Backgrounder #584)

December 1, 1986
The Future of South Africa: Violent Radicalism or Negotiated Settlement?
By Buthelezi, Mangosuthu G. , Chief of the Zulu Nation
(Heritage Lecture #81)

October 28, 1986
Mozambique Tests the Reagan Doctrine
By Pascoe, William
(Executive Memorandum #138)

October 2, 1986
Southern Africa's Beira Corridor Is No Place for U.S. Dollars
By Pascoe, William
(Executive Memorandum #135)

July 25, 1986
The Choice for U.S. Policy in South Africa: Reform or Vengeance
By Gayner, Jeffrey B.
(Backgrounder #527)

July 10, 1986
A Secret Communist Document Reveals the Real Game Plan for South Africa
By Pascoe, William
(Executive Memorandum #126)

September 19, 1985
The White House's Confusing Signals on Mozambique
By Pinto , Jaime ; Huber , Mark
(Backgrounder #455)

July 5, 1985
New U.S. Options in Angola and Namibia
By Potts, James
(Executive Memorandum #85)

June 6, 1985
A Reagan Veto to Help South Africa's Blacks
By Butler, Stuart M.
(Executive Memorandum #83)

April 30, 1985
An Investment Strategy to Undermine Apartheid
By Butler, Stuart M.
(Backgrounder #427)

September 12, 1984
For U.S. Firms in South Africa, The Threat of Coercive Sullivan Principles
By Huber, Mark
(Institutional Analysis #38)

October 8, 1982
The U.S. and Racial Reform in South Africa
By Butterfield, Ian
(Backgrounder #218)

February 22, 1982
Toward a Namibian Settlement
By Butterfield, Ian
(Backgrounder #167)

May 17, 1979
The Rhodesian Elections and the Sanctions Issue
By Francis, Samuel T.
(Backgrounder #84)

April 13, 1979
Rhodesia and Case-Javits
By Hutchinson, John
(Backgrounder #81)

March 26, 1979
The Front Line States: The Realities in Southern Africa
By Francis, Samuel T.
(Backgrounder #78)

August 31, 1978
Namibia: South Africa, SWAPO, and the Settlement
By Gayner, Jeffrey B.
(Backgrounder #64)

August 9, 1978
Rhodesia in Transition
By Francis, Samuel T.
(Backgrounder #62)

The Coming Winds of Democracy in Angola
By Savimbi, Jonas
(Heritage Lecture #217)